The modeling approaches are rooted in micromechanics, mostly phenomenological, and build on the framework of continuum mechanics and the thermodynamically-consistent formulation of constitutive equations as taught in earlier courses. This framework, which accounts for thermomechanical coupling, is extended, where necessary, to include electric and magnetic coupling effects. The lecture covers the following topics:

• Classification and Introduction to Smart and Multifunctional Materials.
• Nonhysteretic Smart Materials: Piezoelectric, Electrostrictive, Piezomagnetic, Magnetostrictive Materials
• Hysteretic Smart Materials: Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Piezoceramics
• Electro- and Magnetorheological Fluids
• Electroactive Polymers ("Artificial Muscles")
• Explanation and Modeling of the Macroscopic Response through Multiscale Approaches and Micro-Scale Considerations.
• Crystal Structure and Symmetry Point Groups
• Phase Transformations,Twinning, Domain Switching
• Aspects of the Numerical Implementation: Finite Element Discretization of Coupled Problems, Return-Mapping Algorithms for SMAs, Operator Split Algorithms for Coupled Problems